Traveller's Illnesses: Scorpion Stings

Where is it likely to happen:   scorpions can be
found in the wild in South, West and North Africa; North,
Central and South America; India; and the Caribbean. 
Among the scorpions in North America, the 'nasty’ ones
can typically be found in Arizona, New Mexico and on the
Californian side of the Colorado River, whereas the other
North American species are fairly harmless.   In
Mexico each year  between 1000-2000 deaths arise as a
result of scorpion bites.  Because of their size
scorpions can easily travel anywhere in the world as
stowaways with cargo and they have been found in many large
ports. Scorpions sting with a poisoned hook on their tail,
which is typically raised prior to an attack.

What happens if I get bitten: the majority of
scorpions are harmless to humans, although the sting can be
extremely painful and will require painkilling
treatment.  The following symptoms can be observed in
cases of moderate to more serious poisoning:

• Malaise, sweating, heart palpitations, rise in blood
  pressure, salivation, nausea, vomiting and diarrhoea.
  These symptoms should be treated in a similar way to snake
  bites, and a doctor should be consulted as quickly as
  possible.
• Hyperacute (typically allergic) reactions in the form of
  blurring of consciousness, unconsciousness, convulsions,
  fall in blood pressure, shock and consequently the threat
  of death may occur.

What should I do if I get stung: pain at the site of
the sting can sometimes be limited with an ice
cube.   Painkilling injections (morphine-based
painkiller) may be required and a doctor should therefore be
consulted. In the case of more marked symptoms, treatment
must be given as for snake bites, and the patient must
receive medical treatment as quickly as possible.  
There is antiserum for scorpion venom. Treatment must be
overseen by a doctor.

How can I avoid being stung by a scorpion: scorpions
are nocturnal animals and often hide in dark cracks and
vegetation.  Ideally, accommodation should have a ledge
that is at least 20cm high to prevent entry of
scorpions.  Places to look out for scorpions include
cupboards, under the duvet and bed, or in shoes (look under
the duvet/bed and shake your shoes thoroughly before putting
them on). 

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